Albemarle Hotel
The Albemarle Private Hotel, Brahan Lodge, Mayfair Massage and Spa, Mayfair Hotel
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Constructed
1906
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Heritage Area
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Architect(s)
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Builder(s)
A & E Reynell
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An exuberant eclectic Edwardian classical commercial building, the Albemarle Private Hotel was originally built as a temperance hotel, then run as a boarding house then a brothel. Clare Hallam made her fortune from her willingness to rent boarding house rooms by the hour, and to homeless alcoholics and others who struggled to find long-term housing.
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Downloadable(s)
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History
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The Albemarle Private Hotel was built in 1906 at the height of the Edwardian building boom which occurred in the Cuba Street area, due in part to the electrification of the horse drawn tram system in 1904 and a sharp rise in the city’s population. This was a period of construction of high quality buildings and over half of the listed heritage buildings in the Cuba Street Heritage Area were built in the years from 1900 to 1910.
The Albemarle Private Hotel was originally built as a temperance hotel. Social reformers of the early nineteenth century formed temperance societies in an attempt to reduce the use and abuse of alcohol which was seen as a cause of poverty, ill health and immorality. The temperance movement began in Britain and the USA as church based temperance societies in the 1820s and 1830s and soon spread to New Zealand. In 1893 the ‘Alcoholic Liquors Sale Control Bill’ allowed for communities to reduce the numbers of liquor licenses, or to close all licensed premises in their area. In 1908 ‘Wellington South’, ‘Wellington Suburbs’, and Masterton went ‘dry’. The word ‘private’ in the title of the Albemarle Private Hotel denotes that the hotel is ‘unlicensed’ so that although it could provide accommodation and meals it could not serve alcohol. By 1910 it was difficult to open a new hotel with a liquor license, hotels that held liquor licenses were generally more profitable than those that did not, and hotels without liquor licences generally operated as boarding houses.
The hotel appears to have generally served a working class clientele of tradesmen. During WWI many of the residents of the hotel were listed in the ballots of men called up to serve in the armed forces, and the professions of Albemarle Private Hotel residents noted in these ballots include labourers, engine drivers, butchers and tinsmiths. That the hotel served a working class clientele is also to be inferred by the listing of hotel accommodation in the newspaper the ‘Maoriland Worker’, the national monthly publication of the sheep shearer’s union.
A decline in the fortunes of the hotel can be traced from 1918 to 1931 in the advertised rates for the overnight / weekly rent of rooms. This varied from 30 shillings per week in 1918, rose to a peak of 60 shillings (₤3) in 1921, and fell in January 1931 to 35s a week, and in December 1931 to 25s per week, and this was most likely due to the Great Depression. The building was later listed as a boarding house in Wise’s 1950-1951, and finally as a massage parlour, a term which was (before the decriminalisation of prostitution) was often used as a euphemism for a brothel; at a time when the area around Cuba, Vivian Streets and Ghuznee Streets was known as Wellington city’s ‘Red Light District’.
The most notable personality associated with the property during these years was Clare Hallam (1885-1976), a property owner and boarding-house keeper who made her name and fortune from her willingness to rent boarding house accommodation to homeless alcoholics and others who struggled to find long term housing. Hallam, who also hired rooms by the hour, was described by Canon Walter Arnold, the City Missioner, as ‘a very lovable rogue’ for her ability to combine business acumen with ‘philanthropy of sorts’. She spent the last five years of her life at the Albemarle before she died in 1976 at the age of 91.
In the 1990s the relaxation of the liquor licensing laws, the decriminalisation of prostitution, and a trend towards inner city living led to the gentrification of the Cuba Street Heritage Area. The building exterior was cleaned and repaired in 2007, and some of the original ornamentation was reproduced / reinstated including the copper cupola roof, the timber exterior fire escape was removed at about this time. The building is currently vacant awaiting earthquake strengthening and was sold in May 2012 by the Heritage Property Group to property developer Ian Cassells for $820,000. The developer plans to convert the ground floor of the building into a restaurant with access to the adjacent Glover Park, and with apartments in the floors above.
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Modifications
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1906
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SR 7004 - add servants rooms on roof
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1906
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SR 6631 - construction
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1973
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SR C38191 - new fire escapes
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2002
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WCC grant from the Earthquake Assistance Fund in the sum of $25,000 ($4500 feasibility study, $10,000 working drawings, $15, 000 contribution towards the works). The building is subject to a memorandum of encumbrance.
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2004
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SR111781 - seismic strengthening
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2006
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SR145559 – RC – a Res.Con. Land use consent for additions to a heritage building in the central area.
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2007
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SR 143381 aBLDG CONSENT Reinstate cupola and finials to original design on existing turret. - Mayfair Hotel.
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2012
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SR179936 Bdg StrengthInv Earthquake Prone Building. Notice Exp 29 March 2012. OLD POLICY.
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Occupation History
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1910 - 1935
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Albermarle Hotel (Stones1910-11, 1915-16, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935)
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1940 - 1945
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Brahan Lodge (Stones1940, 1945)
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1950 - 1951
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Un-named boarding House (Wises1950-51)
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1955 - 1975
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Albermarle Private Hotel (Wises1955, 1961-62, 1967-68, 1971-72, 1975)
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1980
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Wises not listed 1980
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1985
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Mayfair Massage & Spa (Wises1985)
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1990
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Wises not listed 1990
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Architectural Information
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Building Classification(s)
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Not assessed
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Architecture
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The building is a three storey Edwardian Hotel with tower and cupola, four storeys at rear. The Edwardian Classical (albeit eclectic) style façade features Doric columns on ground floor, foliated Corinthian columns on first floor, plain columns topped by ornate Corinthian capitals on the second floor and a balustrade and parapet at roof level. The cupola and crown are modern reproductions of the original as are the urns at parapet level. The original design included decorative acroterion at parapet level, and a cast iron veranda / terrace with cast iron railings which have since been removed.
The building interior retains many original features.
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Materials
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The original specification includes:
Concrete: foundations, vestibule, hearths, outside door sills
Brick: walls, tower, arches
Timber: Jarrah (bottom joists, sleepers, bottom bearers and bearers on brickwork); totara (all lintels to suit openings, exterior sashes and frames, sills and doors); matai – heart (floors); rimu – heart (all interior joinery and finishings); Rimu – ‘o.b.t.’ (F.F joists and trimmers, GR. Floor studs, F floor studs and plates, F. floor ceiling and 2d F ceiling joists, 2d floor studs and plates, all timbers for wash house, herring bone struts, Dado T and G. & V. round Kitchen and scullery).
Modern reproduction cupola roof clad with patinated ‘Italian copper shingle’, crown, skirt and standing seam clad with copper sheet. The cupola was originally clad with corrugated iron.
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Setting
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Ghuznee Street where it forms part of the Cuba Street Conservation Area comprises of a mix of buildings that range from single storey stables and ancillary buildings, two storied timber or masonry mixed use residential and commercial buildings, and three to four storey commercial buildings. The street includes many surviving original/early shop fronts.
To the west of 59 Ghuznee Street is Glover Park. To the east of 59 Ghuznee Street is a two storey 1897 Victorian commercial building with an Art Deco front façade including fan-shaped leaded glass panels over the shop-fronts. The building at the corner of Ghuznee and Cuba is the two storey former Hallenstein’s building dating from 1920 with an original shop front, and very high parapet.
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Building Classification(s)
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Cultural Value
The Albemarle Private Hotel is an exuberant and eclectic example of Edwardian Classical commercial architecture.
The building was designed by James Bennie, a prominent local architect
The building has an historic association the 19th and 20th century Temperance Movement
The building is part of the social history of the Cuba, Vivien and Ghuznee Street ‘red-light’ district of Wellington, and the subsequent gentrification of the area.
The building retains significant original building fabric particularly at the façade and the interior (although the current status of the interior requires verification).
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Aesthetic Value
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Architectural
Does the item have architectural or artistic value for characteristics that may include its design, style, era, form, scale, materials, colour, texture, patina of age, quality of space, craftsmanship, smells, and sounds?
The Albemarle Private Hotel is an exuberant and eclectic example of Edwardian Classical commercial architecture. The principal façade is a well articulated composition in the Edwardian Classical style and retains most of the original building fabric without intrusive modern additions or alterations.
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Group
Is the item part of a group of buildings, structures, or sites that taken together have coherence because of their age, history, style, scale, materials, or use?
The Albemarle Private Hotel is part of an unbroken ‘street-wall’ of heritage buildings that wraps around the Cuba/Ghuznee Street intersection and signals the ‘entrance’ to upper Cuba Street. This group is coherent in terms of height, elaborate facades (albeit in a range of architectural styles), age, history, materials and patterns of use.
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Townscape
Does the item have townscape value for the part it plays in defining a space or street; providing visual interest; its role as a landmark; or the contribution it makes to the character and sense of place of Wellington?
The scale (three storeys), materials (rendered masonry), design style (simple Edwardian with classical ornamentation) contributes to the character of Blocks 3 & 4 of the Cuba Street Heritage Area
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Historic Value
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Association
Is the item associated with an important historic event, theme, pattern, phase, or activity?
The building was built as a ‘temperance hotel’ and in response to the 19th and 20th century Temperance Movement. It was built during a Late Victorian /Edwardian building boom which furnished Cuba Street with many high quality buildings.
The building is part of the social history of the Cuba Street Heritage Area and was originally in use as accommodation for the working class and tradesmen. It later functioned as part of the Cuba, Vivien and Ghuznee Street ‘red-light’ district, an area that has since been gentrified.
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Association
Is the item associated with an important person, group, or organisation?
The building was designed by a well known local architect - James Bennie.
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Scientific Value
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Archaeological
Does the item have archaeological value for its ability to provide scientific information about past human activity?
The building has some archaeological significance – Inner City Wellington Site. Central City NZAA R27/270
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Technological
Does the item have technological value for its innovative or important construction methods or use of materials?
The building retains significant original building fabric particularly at the façade and the interior (although the current status of interior requires verification). The original plans, sections and elevations survive, and these give a good insight into Edwardian hotel design.
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Social Value
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IdentitySenseOfPlaceContinuity
Is the item a focus of community, regional, or national identity? Does the item contribute to sense of place or continuity?
The building has remained (relatively) unchanged on the site for over 100 years and contributes to the sense of place and continuity of the Cuba Street Heritage Area
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Level of Cultural Heritage Significance
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Authentic
Does the item have authenticity or integrity because it retains significant fabric from the time of its construction or from later periods when important additions or modifications were carried out?
The building retains significant original building fabric particularly at the façade and the interior (although the current status of the interior requires verification)
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Representative
Is the item a good example of the class it represents?
The building is a good example of Edwardian commercial architecture
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Local / Regional / National / International Importance
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Not assessed
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Aesthetic Value
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Site Detail
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District Plan Number
16/130
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Legal Description
59-61 Ghuznee St/Pt Sec 152 T.O.W
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Heritage New Zealand Listed
2/Historic Place 3633
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Archaeological Site
Central City NZAA R27/270
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Current Uses
unknown
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Former Uses
unknown
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Has building been funded
Yes
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Funding Amount
$20,000.00
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Funding Details
November 2014 - Granted $20,000 towards the strengthening and redevelopment of the Ablermarle Building.
Funding Type - Seismic Strengthening/Preservation.
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Earthquake Prone Status
124 Notice
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Additional Information
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Sources
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- 'Beginnings - NZ temperance movement', (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 26-May-2010
- Christoffel, Paul. 'Hotels and motels - Types of early hotels', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zeland, updated 26-Nov-10
- Christoffel, Paul. 'Hotels and motels - Hotels and liquor laws', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 4-Oct-11
- Hutching, Megan. 'Hallam, Clara Evelyn - Biography', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 1-Sep-10
- NZHPT register listing.
- NZHPT buildings field record form
- Paperspast website accessed May 2012
- WCC Archives (1998 search)
- WCC Cuba Street Heritage Area report (c.2006)
- MacDonald, Nikki. “Property developer walks the talk” Dominion Post, 17/11/2012;
- Schouten, Hank. “Grand old lady spurns early suitors’, Dominion Post 25/02/2012
- Evening Post, 16 January 1906
- Evening Post, 4 July 1907
- Evening Post, 2 November 1909
- Evening Post, 11 February 1910
- Evening Post, 17 February 1912
- Maoriland Worker , 7 June 1916
- Evening Post, 24 November 1916
- Evening Post, 13 February 1917
- Evening Post, 17 April 1917
- Evening Post, 6 June 1917
- Evening Post, 3 September 1917
- Evening Post, 6 September 1918
- Evening Post, 22 May 1919
- Evening Post, 10 July 1919
- Evening Post, 5 July 1919
- Evening Post, 10 December 1918
- Evening Post, 3 March 1919
- Evening Post, 13 June 1919
- Evening Post, 3 November 1921
- Evening Post, 14 February 1925
- Evening Post, 30 January 1931
- Evening Post, 8 December 1931
- Evening Post, 13 February 1934
- Evening Post, 28 March 1938
- Technical Documentation close
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Footnotes
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Not available
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Sources
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Last updated: 5/4/2017 11:52:50 PM