Campbell House (Former)
Clermont Terrace, Botanic Garden Road
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Constructed
1892
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Architect(s)
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Builder(s)
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21 Salamanca Road is a good representative example of a two-storey Villa. It is notable for its fine two-storey octagonal bay window, lantern light, and for its decorative timber balcony and barge boards.
The house was designed as the family home for John Campbell, a prominent civil servant and architect. Campbell held the title of Government Architect from 1909 – 1922, and was responsible for the design of the nation’s finest public buildings of that era. He played a key role in the establishment of the Government Architect’s office which became, under his leader-ship, one of the most significant architectural practices in New Zealand.
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Downloadable(s)
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History
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The house at 21 Salamanca Road was designed in c.1892 by John Campbell, an architect and civil servant who became New Zealand’s first ‘Government Architect’.
John Campbell (1857 – 1942) was born in Glasgow and served an apprenticeship under architect John Gordon. Campbell moved to Dunedin in 1882 where he worked briefly for architects Mason and Wales, but later joined the Public Works Department. He was transferred to Wellington in 1888 as the draughtsman for the Public Buildings Department, but returned briefly to Dunedin to marry Mary Jane Marchbanks in the Knox Church in April 1889.
Campbell played a key role in the establishment of the Government Architect’s office. He was the first ‘Government Architect’ and led the office in its formative years until his retirement in 1922. The Government Architect’s office was one of the foremost architectural practices in the country and designed most of the public buildings built in New Zealand from 1909 – 1988.
The Salamanca Road house was built in c.1892 as John Campbell established his career as a prominent civil servant and architect. It was built on land that had been ‘seized’ for discretionary use by the Wellington Hospital Board from the Town Belt in 1888. The street address was known variously as Clermont Terrace, Botanic Garden Road and Salamanca Road. The house was altered in 1904 by John Campbell to include an additional first floor bedroom with an outhouse under. The outhouse appears to have been designed to house a small boiler – it certainly included a coal store and a new brick chimney. Other minor alterations included works to extend the existing balcony/verandah to wrap around the north and east elevations. Part of the new balcony was enclosed to form a first floor extension at ‘Bedroom A’. A bay window was also added to light the stair at the first floor.
The house was owned by the widowed Mary Campbell from 1942 until 1954, when it passed to the ownership of Donald Marchbank. It was sold to Robert and Catherine Watson in 1956 and converted into two apartments, each with a bathroom and kitchenette, and this arrangement was later formalised with a building consent in 1977. The house was altered substantially in 1985 with an attic conversion and a large two-storey addition to the south of the original house. The 1985 addition was demolished in c.2008 when the site was subdivided and a new house built to the south of the existing building.
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Modifications
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1904
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(00053:113:6251); Botanical Gardens Road [21 Salamanca Road], alterations to dwelling
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1956
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(00056:542:B40012); 21 Salamanca Road, alteration dwelling and garage
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1956
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(00056:544:B40109); 21 Salamanca Road, garage
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1977
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(00058:1100:C47560); 21 Salamanca Road, convert dwelling to 2 flats and carpark 15 Jun
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1985
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(00059:0:D1584); 21 Salamanca Road, dwelling additions and alterations
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1996
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(00078:18:22728); 21 Salamanca Road, garage
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2004
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(00078:3223:118387); 21 Salamanca Road, alterations to dwelling
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2007
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SR102218 , RC - a Res.Con, 3: two lot fee simple subdivision, with land use consent for the part demolition of a heritage building, Completed,
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2008
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SR118387 , aBLDG CONSENT, 1. Construction of a new 3 level house. 2. Alterations to kitchen & dining area of an existing house, with amendment., Completed,
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2010
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SR210122 , RC - a Res.Con, Subdivision: Two lot fee simple subdivision, Completed
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Occupation History
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unknown
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Not Assessed
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Architectural Information
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Building Classification(s)
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Not assessed
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Architecture
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The house at 21 Salamanca Road is a two-storey Victorian villa with a converted attic space. The simplicity of its design, ornamentation and detailing stands in stark contrasts to the fine and ornate public buildings designed by John Campbell in his role as Government Architect.
The roof is perhaps the most complex feature of the house, and is clearly visible from Salamanca Road. The main roof features an original lantern-light, albeit with new fenestration, and three modern and overly-large modern roof-lights – one each to the west, east and north.
The principal (west) elevation faces Salamanca Road, and the upper (first) floor is approximately level with the road. The original verandah to the left (north) of the main entrance door has been partially in-filled, and a pair of glazed screens added to form a porch. John Campbell’s 1904 additions are visible to the right (south) of the main entrance door – particularly the bedroom and the small ‘bay-window’ addition that lights the stair.
The north elevation has been compromised by an ill-conceived modern infill to the first floor balcony, but is otherwise in near-original condition. It features a fine bay window with a decorative barge-gable detail, and parts of what were presumably the original balcony balustrade, are also visible.
The east elevation to Clermont Terrace appears to have had the fewest modern alterations or additions. It features a prominent octagonal bay window to the north-east that was designed to give panoramic views across Wellington harbour. The c.1904 verandah/balcony addition and the c.1904 first floor bedroom addition are also visible.
The garage is a modern addition and is of lesser quality design and materials than the house to which it serves.
The south elevation has been effectively obscured by the addition of an ultra-modern house that was built when the site was subdivided.
A 1997 visit to the house as part of the Heritage Building Interiors Project found that the house had undergone many changes and alterations since its construction, including its conversion into two flats and its re-conversion into a single house. The style of internal elements in the house were found to be eclectic, with some remaining features of the original Victorian design, and other features that would have been later Edwardian, and Arts and Craft’s detailing.
The two-storey octagonal bay window at the north-east corner of the site is a key feature of the ground floor former dining room, and the first floor drawing room. Both of these rooms feature a fine kauri fire surround that are both decorated with oak carved panels. The architraves around the windows to the octagonal bay were also notable as were the stair and the first floor entrance hall.
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Materials
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Corrugated mild steel roofing
Timber lantern-light
Modern roof-lights
Timber rusticated weatherboards
Timber sash windows and panelled doors
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Setting
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The house sits on a site that has been subdivided on multiple occasions and has lost almost of all of its original gardens and grounds. It is bounded to the north and south by two ultra-modern houses that have been executed in high quality materials and which offer an interesting contrast to the older and more elaborately detailed villa.
The wider context includes Clermont Terrace – a narrow suburban street- and Salamanca Road. Salamanca Road is an extension of Bolton Street and is bounded to the east by the Botanic Gardens. The western side of the road is lined with houses, some of which are large and well-tended villas.
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Building Classification(s)
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Cultural Value
21 Salamanca Road is a good representative example of a two-storey Villa. It is notable for its fine two-storey octagonal bay window, lantern light, and for its decorative timber balcony and barge boards.
The house was designed as the family home for John Campbell, a prominent civil servant and architect. Campbell held the title of Government Architect from 1909 – 1922, and was responsible for the design of the nation’s finest public buildings of that era. He played a key role in the establishment of the Government Architect’s office which became, under his leader-ship, one of the most significant architectural practices in New Zealand.
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Aesthetic Value
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Architectural
Does the item have architectural or artistic value for characteristics that may include its design, style, era, form, scale, materials, colour, texture, patina of age, quality of space, craftsmanship, smells, and sounds?
21 Salamanca Road is a good representative example of a two-storey Villa. It is notable for its fine two-storey octagonal bay window, lantern light, and for its decorative timber balcony and barge boards.
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Historic Value
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Association
Is the item associated with an important person, group, or organisation?
The house was designed as the family home for John Campbell, a prominent civil servant and architect. Campbell held the title of Government Architect from 1909 – 1922, and was responsible for the design of the nation’s finest public buildings of that era. He played a key role in the establishment of the Government Architect’s office which became, under his leader-ship, one of the most significant architectural practices in New Zealand.
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- Scientific Value close
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Social Value
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Not assessed
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Level of Cultural Heritage Significance
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Authentic
Does the item have authenticity or integrity because it retains significant fabric from the time of its construction or from later periods when important additions or modifications were carried out?
The house retains much of its early or original built fabric, particularly to the east (Clermont Terrace) elevation.
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Local Regional National International
Is the item important for any of the above characteristics at a local, regional, national, or international level?
The house is of local significance.
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Representative
Is the item a good example of the class it represents?
The house is a good representative example of a two-storey Victorian villa
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Local / Regional / National / International Importance
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Not assessed
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Aesthetic Value
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Site Detail
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District Plan Number
17/ 266
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Legal Description
Lot 2 DP 433237 SUBJ TO & INT IN PARTY WALL
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Heritage New Zealand Listed
2/ 1388
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Archaeological Site
Pre 1900 building and Central City NZAA R27/270
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Current Uses
unknown
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Former Uses
unknown
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Has building been funded
No
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Funding Amount
Not applicable
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Earthquake Prone Status
Outside Earthquake Prone Policy
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Additional Information
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Sources
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- ‘Knox Church Dunedin Marriages 1860 to 1920’. Presbyterian archives website accessed October 2013
- Richardson, Peter. 'Campbell, John'. The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 30-Oct-2012
- Schrader, Ben. 'Public buildings - State-sector buildings’. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 29-May-12
- WCC Archives ref 00053:113:6251
- WCC Heritage Inventory 2001 ref Appendix III
- Wright, Ewen. ‘Conservation Plan: 21 Salamanca Road, Kelburn, Wellington’. Unpublished conservation plan prepared for Arch 273 (undated but pre-2007)
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Technical Documentation
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Not available
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Footnotes
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Not available
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Sources
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Last updated: 11/27/2017 10:36:31 PM